Morphologic change of PCL of MRI in the tear of ACL / 대한정형외과학회잡지

MRI has proved to be very reliable in evaluating the menisci and cruciate ligaments. On MRI, several diagnostic criteria of ruptured ACL were reported. Boeree and Ackyroyd reported that when the ACL is ruptured the PCL may appear to be curled up or sigmoid. But these morphologic changes may be shown in the normal ACL, so the quantitative analysis of these morphologic changes in considered as a way to increase the diagnostic sensitivity. We have used 1.0 tesla MRI scanner(SIMENS W. Germany) with a surface coil. We compared two groups of patients; a ruptured ACL group(16 patients) in which had indicated and arthroscopy confirmed rupture of the ACL and control group(46 patients), in which had shown the ACL to be entirely normal. At first, we made a line(basal line) between the femoral attachment and tibial attachment of the PCL and decided the point(apex) which was located far distant from the line. And we made a line(A line) between the femoral attachment and apex of the PCL, another line(B line) between the tibial attachment and apex of the PCL. We divided the basal line into the four areas. We measured the each angle between basal line and A line(angle a), between basal line and B line(angle b). And we measured the entire length of basal line, each height of the PCL previously divided point of the basal line(H1, H2, H3) and the apex of the PCL on the basal line. We compared the control group and ruptured ACL group by t-test from the measured factors angle a, angle b, H1, H2, H3, H4, and length of basal line. We studied factors which were able to decide whether the ACL was ruptured or not in MRI finding by logistic regression. 1. H1, the distance from the basal line to the PCL at 1/4 point on the basal line, were 5.7±1.6 mm in ruptured ACL group, 4.7±1.3 mm in control group, so there was statistically significant increase in ruptured ACL group. 2. The angle a were 56.0±14.4° in ruptured ACL group, 39.7±10.1° in control group, so there was statistically significant increase in ruptured ACL group. 3. From the measured factors angle a was able to decide whether the ACL was ruptured or not in MRI and the slope of angle a in logistic regression was 0.1. In conclusion, when the apex of the PCL is located at proximal 1/4 of the PCL and PCL and greater curve, above signs will be considered to be a sign of ruptured ACL in MRI.

Intraosseous Lipoma in the Calcaneus: A Case report / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Despite the large amount of adipose tissue in bone marrow, intraosseous lipoma is a very rare tumor. Since th first report by Cornil and Renvier in 1868 for a lipoma in the diaphysis of the femur, many cases of intraosseous lipomas of the limbs have been reported. For intraosseous lipoma, Dahlin reported an overall incidence of one per 1,000 bone tumors. Child reported the first case of intraosseous lipoma in the calcaneus. In Korea, a intraosseous lipoma in the fibula was reported only. We reported a case of intraosseous lipoma in the calcaneus.

Surgical Treatment of Acetabular Fracture / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Fractures of the acetabulum are relatively uncommon. But if fractures of the acetubulum are not accurately evaluated, classified, and reduced anatomically, major sequalae and complications are frequently developed. Because of complicated anatomy, difficulty with surgical exposure, severe comminution, and major associated injuries, the treatment of displaced acetabular fractures between conservative and operative methods is still controversial. We reviewed thirty five cases of displaced acetabular fracture treated operaively from January 1984 to December 1991. The prevalent age was the fourth decade. There was twenty seven cases of associated injuries, twenty two dislocations of the hip. According to the Letournel's classification, the most common fracture type was posterior wall and both column type. The fracture was fixed internally with only screws in thirteen cases and with plate and screws in twenty two cases. Among thirty five patients, five patients were lost in the follow up and another five patients had followed up lesser than one year. The mean duration of follow-up afrer the operation was three years (range, one to eight years). Among twenty five patients who had followed up more than one year, the satisfactory results were achieved in nineteen patients (76%) and the poor results were achieved in three patients (8%). The complications were post-traumatic arthritis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, osteomyelitis in iliac bone, skin necrosis, and heterotopic ossification.